The Read-recite-review Study Strategy Effective and Portable Psychological Science

Information technology's almost the end of grade. Dejeuner next. Yous're and then ready to head out.

Then it happens, just before the bell rings. Your teacher assigns a reading from your textbook. Read this section for Thursday, and we'll have a short quiz.

Sure, you can read the section. Only what's the best way to read and to study for that quiz?

Y'all want to exercise well… though, without spending forever on this homework.

Perhaps you should read the section twice over? Or would information technology exist best to take notes while you read?

In fact, there's an age-erstwhile reading strategy you may have heard about, called SQ3R. So, how does it work? And, should y'all really utilize information technology?

What is SQ3R?

SQ3R is a reading strategy commencement described past Francis Robinson in his 1941 book, Effective Written report. The acronym SQ3R stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review.

This v-stride reading method is being taught in middle, junior high and high schools across the country as a way of helping students learn more effectively from readings. Here's how the 5 steps work:

Survey

The beginning footstep in SQ3R is to survey what you are reading. Pay attention to the way the paragraphs are laid out into sections. Glance over any highlighted words to come across if they are vocabulary words or if the highlights are added for emphasis. Look at graphs or pictures that may incorporate additional information and see where they are in relationship to the rest of the page, paragraph or chapter.

Question

That is where the "Q" in SQ3R comes in. During your initial survey of the material, you are encouraged to create questions almost the text. These questions not only requite you a study guide for later, they aid yous consider what you already know and how that fits in with what y'all are nearly to learn.

Read

At present that yous have skimmed the text and created questions, it is finally time to read. At this point you accept already created an organized plan for what you are about to learn. You are just plugging in the rest of the information. Aim to reply the questions you asked in the "Q" step, and write down any boosted questions you may have while you lot are reading.

Recite

Once you have finished reading the paragraph, section, page, or affiliate, it is time to "test yourself" on what you lot accept learned. Recite involves setting aside the text and saying out loud everything you take learned. Reciting out loud what you have read not only gives you a sound to associate with the reading, it as well forces you to solidify the information in your mind.

This pace is what actually sets SQ3R apart from re-reading or taking notes. Researchers are discovering that the process of testing actually helps y'all recall information amend than if you lot are non quizzed at all. Simply y'all don't desire to have to wait for your teacher to give that pop quiz. Apply cocky-testing as a key learning technique and be ready to nail the quiz.

Review

After reciting everything yous tin remember, it is fourth dimension to review the text for annihilation you skipped, didn't understand or could not call back. This review gives you instant, meaningful feedback well-nigh how well y'all read the textile in the first place and how well you lot recalled what you learned.

Tin a simplified SQ3R help you lot learn?

OK, I know what you're thinking: That was a lot of steps. No style I'one thousand doing all of that.

Fortunately, cognitive researchers have uncovered a shortcut to the traditional SQ3R method that helps you remember what yous have learned, correct when you lot demand to.

Marking McDaniel, Daniel Howard and Gilles Einstein tested a simplified version of the SQ3R method, focusing only on the 3R'south. They explain their method and exam how well it works in an article titled "The Read-Recite-Review Study Strategy: Effective and Portable," published in Psychological Science.

For their study, McDaniel and colleagues gave students brief passages to read. Different groups of students were also asked to utilise different reading strategies to tackle the content.

• Re-reading: One group of students read the passages, and then re-read the text.
• Note taking: Some other group of students took notes while reading. They also read each passage twice.
• Simplified SQ3R: The third group used the read-recite-review steps of the SQ3R method. That is, they read the passage once. Recited all they could remember. Finally, they read the passage once more (review).

In one experiment, the reading materials were brusque, straightforward text passages. In a second experiment, students read longer, more technical pieces. These were more than like what y'all would find in a science or engineering class.

All three groups were given multiple selection and short answer tests. They were also given a tougher test, in which students had to write out all they could remember from the passage. This would be kind of like an essay test.

So, did the 3R reading method work best?

The researchers found that – information technology depends.

Aghh. Nothing is ever super simple, is information technology? Relax, it's still pretty piece of cake.

To select a reading strategy, ask yourself:

1. How hard is the reading material?

two. How tough is the examination?

If yous reply "hard" to either of those questions, cull 3R.

For the easier passages in the study, 3R worked the best for the toughest test, where students had to write out what they had learned. However, it didn't actually give a major boost for the easier multiple choice and short respond tests.

Things were different for the longer and more complex passages. When faced with technical reading, the 3R method improved operation beyond all of the tests.

Oh yeah, more than practiced news. While 3R took a little longer than but re-reading, it took quite a bit less fourth dimension than taking notes while reading. It packs a punch, without sucking up all of your free fourth dimension.

Put the simplified SQ3R to good use

One of the biggest drawbacks to using traditional SQ3R is that it takes a while to primary the full method. It's also pretty time consuming to utilise. By the time you lot are to the review phase, yous take probable skimmed the text two or three times, taken important notes and tested your ability to recall what you have read.

It's no wonder so many students are tempted to skip SQ3R birthday in favor of less time-intensive methods like re-reading.

Using only 3R – the quick and simple version of SQ3R – helps your brain call back data shortly later on yous read it, something that tin help yous retain more of what yous read. Reciting also gives you lot a chance to test yourself on how well yous read and requite you a direction for what to comprehend during your review.

Since enquiry has shown that re-reading something without assessing how well you understood it in the first place doesn't offer a lot of benefit, reciting is especially important to the review process.

Rather than languishing away reading and re-reading your difficult textbook, requite the 3R method a endeavour. Not only volition yous spend less time studying, yous will be surprised at how much better you recall data in that short amount of time.

Paradigm Credit: 947051

References

McDaniel, M. A., Howard, D. C., & Einstein, Yard. O. (2009). The read-recite-review report strategy: Effective and portable Psychological Science, 20 (4), 516-522. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02325.x

Robinson, F. P (1941). Effective study. NY: Harper and Brothers.

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Source: https://www.globalcognition.org/sq3r/

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